Design and Implement a URL Shortener

Problem: Design and Implement a URL Shortener Design a URL shortening service similar to TinyURL or bit.ly, and implement a simplified working version. Part 1: High-Level Design Explain how the system supports the following requirements: A user submits a long URL and receives a short URL. A user visits the short URL and is redirected to the original long URL. The system must handle a high volume of read requests with low redirect latency. The short code should be compact and collision-free or collision-resistant. Consider storage, caching, capacity estimation, availability, scalability, rate limiting, and monitoring. Part 2: Low-Level Design / Coding Implement a simplified in-memory URL shortener. Support two operations: ENCODE long_url: convert a long URL into a short URL and print the short URL. DECODE short_url: convert a short URL back to the original long URL and print it; if it does not exist, print NOT_FOUND. Input Format The first line contains an integer n, the number of operations. The next n lines each contain one operation: ENCODE <long_url> DECODE <short_url> Output Format Print one line for each operation. Constraints 1 <= n <= 10^5 Long URL length: 1 <= len(long_url) <= 2048 URLs do not contain spaces. The short URL domain is fixed as http://tiny.url/. Encoding the same long URL multiple times should return the same short URL. No persistence is required; use in-memory data structures. Example Input: 5 ENCODE https://www.microsoft.com ENCODE https://leetcode.com/problems/encode-and-decode-tinyurl DECODE http://tiny.url/1 ENCODE https://www.microsoft.com DECODE http://tiny.url/2 Output: http://tiny.url/1 http://tiny.url/2 https://www.microsoft.com http://tiny.url/1 https://leetcode.com/problems/encode-and-decode-tinyurl Example Input 5 ENCODE https://www.microsoft.com ENCODE https://leetcode.com/problems/encode-and-decode-tinyurl DECODE http://tiny.url/1 ENCODE https://www.microsoft.com DECODE http://tiny.url/2 Output http://tiny.url/1 http://tiny.url/2 https://www.microsoft.com http://tiny.url/1 https://leetcode.com/problems/encode-and-decode-tinyurl